Male pattern baldness, known as androgenic alopecia, is mainly caused by genetics and hormonal changes. It is a gradual process that affects the growth cycle of hair, leading to thinner strands and, eventually, hair loss.
Genetics
Your family history plays a significant role in male pattern baldness. If your relatives have experienced hair loss, you are more likely to inherit the condition. This is linked to the androgen receptor (AR) gene, found on the X chromosome, which influences your hair follicles' sensitivity to male sex hormones called androgens.
Hormones
Androgens, such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT), shorten the hair growth cycle. Over time, the hair follicles shrink, producing shorter, finer hair. Eventually, the follicles stop growing new hair altogether, leading to baldness.
Age
Age is another critical factor. Hair loss becomes more common as you get older. By 50, about half of all men experience some male pattern baldness.
Associated Conditions
In some cases, male pattern baldness can be linked to medical issues like high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, or prostate problems. These conditions may involve elevated levels of androgens, which could explain the connection to hair loss.
If you notice sudden or unusual hair loss, consult a doctor to rule out other health issues. Understanding the causes of male pattern baldness can help you explore treatments to manage the condition effectively.