What is a Stoma?

A stoma is an opening created by surgery in the abdomen. It allows waste to leave the body when the bowel or urinary system cannot function normally. The waste goes through the stoma into a small pouch, also called a stoma bag. This pouch is worn outside the body and is emptied or changed regularly.

A stoma may be needed after surgery for health problems such as bowel cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, injury, or bladder or bowel problems. Some stomas are temporary and can be reversed later. Others are permanent.

A stoma is usually pink or red, moist, and slightly raised from the skin. It lacks nerve endings, so it should not hurt. However, the skin around it can become sore if the pouch leaks or does not fit well.

Main Types Of Stoma

Type Of Stoma

What It Does

Colostomy

Lets stool pass from the large bowel into a pouch.

Ileostomy

Lets softer or more watery stool pass from the small bowel into a pouch.

Urostomy

Lets urine pass through an opening on the stomach area into a pouch.

Living with a stoma can take time to get used to. With the right support and care routine, many people return to daily activities, work, travel, exercise, and social life. A stoma nurse or doctor can help with pouch fitting, skin care, diet advice, and any concerns.

Here's the easier version in UK English, written for a 7th-grade reading level.

Caring For Your Stoma

Looking after a stoma can feel challenging at first, especially after surgery. With time, practice, and support, most people find a routine that works well for them.

Good stoma care involves keeping the stoma and surrounding skin clean, making sure the pouch fits properly, and watching for any changes. A stoma nurse or doctor can help if you have any concerns.

Basic Stoma Care Tips

Care Step

Why It Matters

Keep the skin clean and dry

Helps prevent soreness and irritation.

Check that the pouch fits properly

A poor fit can cause leaks and skin problems.

Empty or change the pouch regularly

Helps prevent leaks, odour, and discomfort.

Avoid harsh products

Strong soaps, oily creams, and scented wipes may affect the pouch seal.

Check the stoma often

Helps you notice changes in colour, size, or swelling.

Treat sore skin early

Small problems can become worse if ignored.

Ask for support

A stoma nurse or doctor can help if you have concerns.

What A Healthy Stoma Looks Like

A healthy stoma is usually pink or red, moist, and slightly raised above the skin. It may bleed a little when cleaned because it contains many small blood vessels. This is usually normal.

The stoma should not be painful because it lacks nerve endings.

Speak to a doctor if your stoma becomes very dark, black, pale, very swollen, painful, or if bleeding is heavy or does not stop.

Common Stoma Problems

Some stoma problems are minor and can be managed with simple changes. Others may need medical advice.

Problem

What It May Involve

Skin irritation

Red, sore, itchy, or damaged skin around the stoma.

Leaks

Waste leaking under the pouch seal.

Bleeding

Light bleeding can happen, but heavy bleeding needs medical advice.

Changes in size or shape

The stoma may become swollen, narrow, or stick out more than usual.

Pain or discomfort

Pain around the stoma or stomach area.

Odour concerns

May be caused by leaks, pouch problems, diet, or infection.

Changes in output

More or less output than usual, or very watery output.

Problems fitting the pouch

Changes in the stoma or skin can affect how the pouch fits.

Skin Irritation Around The Stoma

Skin irritation is one of the most common stoma problems. It can happen if the pouch leaks, does not fit properly, or if the skin reacts to adhesives or cleaning products.

A doctor or stoma nurse can advise on products that help protect the skin and improve pouch fitting.

Do not use creams or lotions under the pouch unless a healthcare professional recommends them.

Changes In The Stoma

It is normal for the stoma to change slightly in the weeks after surgery as swelling settles down.

However, you should speak to a doctor if your stoma suddenly changes size or shape, sinks below the skin, bulges out more than usual, changes colour, bleeds heavily, or becomes painful.

Cleaning Your Stoma

You can usually clean your stoma and the surrounding skin with warm water and a soft cloth.

Gently pat the area dry before putting on a new pouch so it sticks properly.

Avoid strong soaps, alcohol-based wipes, oily lotions, and heavily scented products unless advised by a healthcare professional.

When To Seek Urgent Medical Advice

Get urgent medical help if:

  • You have no stoma output and develop stomach pain or vomiting.
  • Your stoma becomes black, very dark, or pale.
  • You have severe bleeding.
  • You have signs of dehydration.
  • Your stomach becomes swollen.
  • You have severe pain around the stoma.
  • The skin around the stoma becomes badly damaged or infected.

Talk To A Doctor

If you have concerns about your stoma, Mobi Doctor can help through an online consultation. A doctor can discuss your symptoms, review any skin problems, advise on pain or discomfort, and explain whether you need in-person care, a stoma nurse review, or specialist treatment.

You can book an appointment at a time that suits you and get advice from a doctor about stoma care and any problems you may be experiencing.

Stoma Care Treatment Online FAQs

Stoma care involves cleaning the stoma, protecting the surrounding skin, monitoring for complications, and managing appliances such as pouches or bags. Proper stoma care helps prevent infection, skin irritation, leakage, and discomfort.

Yes, stoma care treatment can be provided online through a consultation with a licensed doctor. Online doctors offer guidance on daily stoma care, skin protection, managing symptoms, and addressing complications without the need for a clinic visit.

Common stoma complications include skin irritation, leakage, swelling, narrowing of the stoma, bleeding, pain, infection, and unpleasant odour. Early medical advice helps prevent these issues from becoming more serious.

Cleaning your stoma usually involves gently washing the area with warm water, drying thoroughly, and avoiding harsh soaps or chemicals. An online doctor can give personalised advice based on your stoma type and skin condition.

You should speak to a doctor if you notice persistent pain, bleeding, swelling, colour changes, narrowing, leakage, or signs of infection. Sudden changes in stoma size or function also require medical assessment.

Yes, online doctors can provide prescriptions for stoma-related medications, skincare products, and issue referral letters when clinically appropriate, following a full medical consultation.

Most stoma bags are changed every one to three days, depending on the type of stoma and appliance used. A doctor can advise on the best routine to reduce irritation and maintain comfort.


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