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Medically Reviewed

By

Chrysoula I. Liakou

MD, PhD, Internal Medicine Specialist and
Cancer Immunology Researcher.

What Is Tonsillitis?

Tonsillitis is when your tonsils become infected and inflamed. Tonsils are two small lumps of soft tissue on either side of the back of your throat. You can see them in the mirror if you open your mouth wide and stick out your tongue. Tonsils are part of your immune system, trapping germs like bacteria and viruses to stop them from causing severe infections. However, these germs can sometimes overwhelm the tonsils, making them sore, swollen, and painful, especially when you swallow.

 

Tonsillitis is very common, particularly in children, but it can happen to anyone at any age. It’s most frequently diagnosed in kids from preschool to their teenage years. Although tonsillitis can be unpleasant, it often improves within 7 to 10 days. The infection can be caused by germs, including common viruses and bacteria like Streptococcus, which causes strep throat. If untreated, strep throat-related tonsillitis can sometimes lead to severe complications.

Tonsillitis Symptoms

Tonsillitis can cause a variety of uncomfortable symptoms, which often develop suddenly. Knowing what to look for can help you identify and manage the condition early. Here are the common signs and symptoms of tonsillitis:

  • A Sore Or Scratchy Throat that makes swallowing painful or difficult.

  • Red And Swollen Tonsils, sometimes with white or yellow spots or patches of pus.

  • Fever may be accompanied by chills or shivering.

  • Swollen Lymph Nodes in the neck causing jaw and neck pain or tenderness.

  • Voice Changes, making it sound rough or scratchy.

  • Bad Breath, which the infection can cause.

  • Headache and overall feeling of tiredness or fatigue.

  • Earache is often linked to throat pain.

  • Abdominal Pain Or Vomiting is more common in younger children.

  • Difficulty Sleeping due to the discomfort of the sore throat.

  • Cold-Like Symptoms (if caused by a virus), including a runny or blocked nose, sneezing, and coughing.

  • Severe Sore Throat And Sudden Fever (more likely with a bacterial infection), possibly requiring a doctor’s visit.

  • Tonsil Stones (rare) are small, calcified lumps in the tonsils, usually harmless but sometimes irritating.

If symptoms are severe or persist, it's essential to see a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.

Tonsillitis Causes

Both viral and bacterial infections can cause tonsillitis. Understanding the cause is essential for proper treatment, as viral and bacterial tonsillitis are managed differently.

Viral Infections

Most cases of tonsillitis are caused by viruses, which account for about 70% of cases. These same types of viruses often cause the common cold or flu. Examples include the adenoviruses, the Epstein-Barr virus (which can lead to mononucleosis), the parainfluenza virus, and herpes simplex virus. Viral tonsillitis is usually milder and does not require antibiotics. In some instances, tonsillitis from the Epstein-Barr virus may come with other symptoms of mononucleosis, such as fatigue, fever, and muscle aches. You must see your doctor for a proper diagnosis if you suspect mononucleosis.

Bacterial Infections

The most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis is Group A Streptococcus, which leads to strep throat. Bacterial tonsillitis is generally more severe than viral tonsillitis, and symptoms might include high fever and severe throat pain. Antibiotics may be necessary in these cases to treat the infection and prevent complications.

How It Spreads

The bacteria and viruses that cause tonsillitis are highly contagious. They spread through close contact with an infected person, sharing utensils or drinks, or touching surfaces contaminated with germs and touching your face. Sneezing or coughing can also release tiny particles into the air, which others may breathe and become infected.

Tonsillitis Treatment

The treatment for tonsillitis depends on whether a virus or bacteria causes it. Since viral and bacterial tonsillitis symptoms can be similar, your doctor will decide the best course of action after determining the cause.

Medications

If your tonsillitis is bacterial, your doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics, with penicillin being the most common. It’s crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if you feel better, to ensure the infection doesn’t return or spread. For pain relief, over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol may be recommended to help ease a sore throat and reduce fever. Viral tonsillitis, on the other hand, does not respond to antibiotics and usually gets better within 7 to 10 days.

Home Remedies

You can manage symptoms at home with several simple methods:

  • Drink warm liquids like tea or broth to soothe your throat.

  • Gargle with warm salt water to reduce swelling.

  • Suck on throat lozenges to ease discomfort.

Tonsillectomy

A tonsillectomy, or surgical removal of the tonsils, is less common today and is usually reserved for chronic or severe cases. Doctors may recommend surgery if you have frequent infections (e.g., multiple episodes each year) or if swollen tonsils cause serious issues, such as sleep apnea, trouble swallowing, or an abscess. Tonsillectomy can be performed using various methods, like lasers or ultrasonic energy. While it’s effective, surgery is typically considered only when necessary, as the risks may outweigh the benefits for many people.

 

In most cases, tonsillitis is uncomfortable but not dangerous, and symptoms usually improve without long-term problems.

Tonsillitis Prevention

You can’t altogether avoid getting tonsillitis, but practising good hygiene can help lower your chances of catching or spreading the infection. Here are some practical ways to stay protected:

 

  • Wash Your Hands Regularly, especially before eating or touching your face. Handwashing with soap and warm water is one of the best ways to eliminate germs. If soap isn’t available, use hand sanitiser instead.

  • Don’t Share Food, Drinks, Utensils, or personal items like toothbrushes. Germs spread quickly through shared items, so it’s best to keep these things to yourself.

  • Avoid Close Contact With People Who Are Sick, especially if they have a sore throat or symptoms of tonsillitis. If someone in your home is ill, try to minimise contact and encourage everyone to practise good hygiene.

  • Change Toothbrushes Regularly, about every three months or right after you recover from an illness. This helps prevent reinfection from leftover germs.

  • Teach Children Proper Hygiene Habits, like covering their mouth when they cough or sneeze and washing their hands frequently. Encourage them to use tissues and throw them away immediately or to sneeze into their elbow if tissues aren’t available.

  • Disinfect Commonly Used Surfaces And Toys In Your Home, especially if you have young children. When out in public, use disinfecting wipes on things like shopping trolley handles and public bathroom surfaces.

 

Following these steps can reduce the spread of tonsillitis and keep yourself and others healthier. Mobi Doctor provides quick and convenient care for tonsillitis. Our experienced healthcare professionals offer personalised advice and treatment options, all from the comfort of your home. Get the support you need whenever you need it.

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