On this page
What is bothering your ear? At a glance Urgent care Hearing and ringing Dizziness and vertigo Seasons and travel Protecting your hearing Ear care When to see a doctor When to get in-person care Can an online doctor help? Health tools Conditions How Mobi Doctor works Frequently asked questions Sources
Dr. Chrysoula I. Liakou MD, PhD
- Treated online: Yes, for many. Of the 18 ear conditions on Mobi Doctor, 9 are usually treated or managed by video, 3 partly, and 6 are assessed online and treated in person.
- Most ear problems: earache, ear infections, earwax and blocked ears are common, and most middle ear infections clear within 3 days.
- Sudden hearing loss: hearing that drops all at once or over a few days is a medical emergency for the ear: get medical advice the same day, because treatment works best early.
- Leave wax alone: ears clean themselves. Cotton buds push wax deeper and are a common cause of blockages and ear canal infections.
- Emergency: call 112 for ear symptoms with facial drooping, weakness, slurred speech or double vision, bleeding or clear fluid from the ear after a head injury, or earache with a stiff neck and confusion.
Call 112 or go to an emergency department for hearing loss or dizziness with facial drooping, weakness, numbness or tingling in an arm or leg, slurred speech, double vision or loss of vision; bleeding or clear fluid from the ear after a head injury; earache with a stiff neck, a high temperature, confusion, a rash or sensitivity to light; or numbness, weakness or breathing problems after a dive.
What is bothering your ear?
Choose the symptom that fits best. Each page covers the usual causes, what helps, what a doctor can do, and the signs that need urgent care.
- Ear painEarache: the causes and what helps
- Earache with a cold or a high temperatureMiddle ear infection
- An itchy, painful ear canal after swimmingSwimmer’s ear
- A blocked, full or muffled earBlocked ear: causes and how to unblock it
- Muffling that built up over days or weeksEarwax build-up
- Popping, crackling or pressure with a coldEustachian tube dysfunction
- Blocked or painful ears after a flight or a diveEar barotrauma
- Hearing that dropped suddenlyHearing loss: this one is urgent
- Ringing, buzzing or hissingTinnitus
- A whooshing in time with your heartbeatPulsatile tinnitus
- Sudden spinning dizziness after a coldLabyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis
- Attacks of spinning with ringing and a full earMénière’s disease
- Fluid or blood from the ear after a bangPerforated eardrum
- Itchy, flaky skin in or around the earItchy ears and ear eczema
- A red, sore or oozing piercingInfected ear piercing
Swelling, redness or tenderness behind the ear after an ear infection can be mastoiditis, smelly discharge from one ear that keeps coming back can be a cholesteatoma, and a painful rash around the ear with weakness of the face can be Ramsay Hunt syndrome. All three need care in person promptly.
Common ear problems at a glance
The table lists every ear condition on Mobi Doctor: what each usually feels like and how much of its care works online. 9 of the 18 are usually treated or managed online. Hearing loss, Ménière’s disease, pulsatile tinnitus, mastoiditis, cholesteatoma and Ramsay Hunt syndrome are assessed online, and their tests and treatment happen in person.
| Condition | What it usually feels like | Online care | Read more |
|---|---|---|---|
| Earache and ear pain | Pain in or around the ear; often an infection, but the teeth, jaw or throat can cause it too | Treated online | Earache and Ear Pain |
| Middle ear infection | Earache, a high temperature, muffled hearing, sometimes discharge; most clear within 3 days | Treated online | Ear Infection |
| Swimmer’s ear (otitis externa) | An itchy, painful ear canal, sometimes with discharge, often after swimming | Treated online | Swimmer’s Ear |
| Mastoiditis | Pain, redness and swelling behind the ear after an ear infection; needs hospital care | Assessed online | Mastoiditis |
| Blocked ear | A full, muffled ear from wax, a cold, a flight or water | Handled online | Blocked Ear |
| Earwax build-up | Muffled hearing and a blocked feeling that build up over days or weeks | Partly online | Earwax Build-up |
| Eustachian tube dysfunction | Muffled hearing, fullness, popping and crackling with a cold or an allergy | Treated online | Eustachian Tube Dysfunction |
| Ear barotrauma | Pain and blocked ears during or after a flight or a dive | Treated online | Ear Barotrauma |
| Perforated eardrum | Sudden muffled hearing, pain that may ease quickly, fluid or blood from the ear; usually heals within 2 months | Partly online | Perforated Eardrum |
| Hearing loss | Gradual muffling over years, or hearing that drops suddenly, which is urgent | Assessed online | Hearing Loss |
| Tinnitus | Ringing, buzzing or hissing that only you can hear | Treated online | Tinnitus |
| Pulsatile tinnitus | A whooshing or thumping in time with your heartbeat; always needs assessing | Assessed online | Pulsatile Tinnitus |
| Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Sudden spinning dizziness after a cold or flu, easing over days to weeks | Partly online | Labyrinthitis |
| Ménière’s disease | Attacks of spinning lasting 20 minutes to 12 hours, with ringing, fullness and hearing loss | Assessed online | Ménière’s Disease |
| Cholesteatoma | Smelly discharge from one ear that keeps coming back, with fading hearing | Assessed online | Cholesteatoma |
| Itchy ears | Itchy, dry or flaky skin in or around the ear, from eczema, an allergy or an infection | Treated online | Itchy Ears |
| Infected ear piercing | A red, swollen, sore piercing with pus; cartilage infections need prompt care | Treated online | Infected Ear Piercing |
| Ramsay Hunt syndrome | A painful rash around the ear with weakness of the face; treatment works best within 3 days | Assessed online | Ramsay Hunt Syndrome |
What each online-care label means is explained under online care for ear problems.
Which ear problems need urgent care?
Ear symptoms with signs of a stroke, a head injury, meningitis or decompression illness after a dive are emergencies: call 112. Sudden hearing loss, swelling behind the ear, new weakness of the face, and a hot, swollen ear after a cartilage piercing need care in person, urgently.
| Warning sign | What it can mean | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| Hearing loss or dizziness with facial drooping, arm or leg weakness, slurred speech or double vision | A stroke | Call 112 |
| Bleeding or clear fluid from the ear after a head injury | A skull injury | Call 112 |
| Earache with a stiff neck, a high temperature, confusion, a rash or sensitivity to light | Meningitis | Call 112 |
| Numbness, weakness, or problems with breathing, vision or speech after a dive | Decompression illness | Call 112 |
| Hearing that dropped suddenly in one or both ears | Sudden sensorineural hearing loss | Get medical advice the same day |
| Swelling, redness or tenderness behind the ear, or an ear that sticks out | Mastoiditis | Get medical advice the same day |
| New weakness of one side of the face with a painful rash around the ear | Ramsay Hunt syndrome | Get medical advice the same day |
| Severe ear pain with diabetes or a weakened immune system | A deep infection of the ear canal and the bone around it | Get medical advice the same day |
| A hot, swollen, very painful upper ear after a piercing | Perichondritis, an infection of the cartilage | Get medical advice the same day |
| Redness spreading from the ear onto the face or neck, or an ear canal swollen shut | A spreading infection | Get medical advice the same day |
| Tinnitus that beats in time with your pulse | Pulsatile tinnitus, which needs its cause found | An urgent appointment with a doctor |
| Discharge from one ear that keeps coming back, with fading hearing | A cholesteatoma or a long-lasting infection | Book a consultation |
Do not drive yourself to an emergency department with sudden dizziness or a weak face: ask someone to take you, or call 112.
Hearing loss, ringing and pulsing: what they can mean
How a hearing change started is the first clue. Hearing that drops suddenly needs urgent assessment; gradual muffling in one ear is often wax; muffling after a cold or a flight is usually the Eustachian tube; and gradual loss in both ears over years is usually age or noise, which needs a hearing test.
| What you notice | What it often means | What to do | Read more |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hearing that dropped all at once or over a few days | Sudden sensorineural hearing loss | Get medical advice the same day | Hearing Loss |
| Muffling in one ear that built up over days or weeks | Earwax | Softening drops; removal in person if they do not work | Earwax Build-up |
| Muffling, fullness and popping with a cold or after a flight | A blocked Eustachian tube or ear barotrauma | Equalising and treating the nose | Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Ear Barotrauma |
| Both ears fading slowly over years, speech hard to follow in noise | Ageing of the inner ear or noise damage | A hearing test, and hearing aids if they would help | Hearing Loss |
| Ringing, buzzing or hissing | Tinnitus, often with some hearing loss | Assessment and a hearing test | Tinnitus |
| A whooshing in time with your heartbeat | Pulsatile tinnitus | An urgent appointment to find the cause | Pulsatile Tinnitus |
| Fading hearing in one ear with smelly discharge | A cholesteatoma or a long-lasting ear infection | An ear examination and an ENT referral | Cholesteatoma |
Sudden hearing loss in numbers
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss affects an estimated 1 to 6 people in every 5,000 each year, most often adults in their late 40s and early 50s, and it usually affects one ear. People often put off getting help because they think it is wax, an allergy or a sinus infection. About half recover some or all of their hearing by themselves, usually within 1 to 2 weeks, but steroid treatment works best when it starts early, and treatment delayed by more than 2 to 4 weeks is less likely to reverse it.
Hearing loss and tinnitus worldwide
The WHO estimates that about 430 million people, more than 5% of the world’s population, need rehabilitation for disabling hearing loss, and that by 2050 nearly 2.5 billion people will have some degree of hearing loss. Over 1 billion young adults are at risk of permanent, avoidable hearing loss from unsafe listening, and unaddressed hearing loss costs almost US$1 trillion a year worldwide. Tinnitus is common too: surveys estimate that 10 to 25% of adults have it.
Dizziness, vertigo and the inner ear
Inner ear problems are the most common cause of vertigo, the feeling that you or the room is spinning. How long the spinning lasts and what sets it off point to the cause, but spinning with any stroke sign is an emergency.
| What happens | Likely cause | Read more |
|---|---|---|
| One sudden, constant spell of spinning after a cold or flu, easing over days | Labyrinthitis or vestibular neuritis | Labyrinthitis |
| Repeated attacks of 20 minutes to 12 hours, with ringing, fullness and hearing loss in one ear | Ménière’s disease | Ménière’s Disease |
| Spinning brought on by particular head movements | BPPV | BPPV |
| Dizziness in someone who gets migraines | Vestibular migraine | Vestibular migraine |
| Dizziness with blocked ears after a flight or a dive | Ear barotrauma | Ear Barotrauma |
| Spinning with facial drooping, weakness, numbness, trouble speaking or double vision | A stroke | Call 112 |
Vertigo can also be a side effect of some medicines. The vertigo page covers every cause, and an inner ear infection, also called labyrinthitis, causes dizziness, unsteadiness, sickness, hearing loss and ringing in the ear.
Ear problems by season and on the move in Europe
Ear canal infections peak in summer, with swimming, sweat and humidity. Colds and flu in winter bring middle ear infections and blocked Eustachian tubes, hay fever brings itchy ears and blocked ears in spring and summer, and flights, dives and mountain roads cause ear barotrauma all year.
| When or where | Ear problems that are more common | Why | Read more |
|---|---|---|---|
| Summer, at the pool, the lake or the sea | Swimmer’s ear and itchy ears | Water, sweat and humidity strip the ear canal’s protection | Swimmer’s Ear Itchy Ears |
| Flights, dives and mountain roads | Ear barotrauma and blocked Eustachian tubes | Fast changes in pressure | Ear Barotrauma Eustachian Tube Dysfunction |
| Autumn and winter colds and flu | Middle ear infections, blocked Eustachian tubes and labyrinthitis | Viruses swell the lining of the nose, throat and ear | Ear Infection Labyrinthitis |
| Spring and summer pollen | Itchy ears and blocked Eustachian tubes | Hay fever inflames the nose and makes ears itch | Itchy Ears Eustachian Tube Dysfunction |
| A new piercing on holiday | Infected ear piercings | Swimming before the piercing has healed | Infected Ear Piercing |
Before a flight with a cold or blocked ears, consider postponing, swallow and yawn on the way down, and use a decongestant only if it suits you. Divers should not dive with a blocked nose, and should leave the recommended interval before flying. After swimming, tilt each ear down and dry the outer ear, and keep cotton buds out of the ear canal.
How to protect your hearing
Noise is a leading avoidable cause of hearing loss, alongside ear infections and some medicines. Over 1 billion young adults are at risk from unsafe listening, and EU law sets limits on noise at work: hearing protection must be offered at a daily exposure of 80 dB(A) and worn at 85 dB(A).
- Turn it down Keep music and headphones at a comfortable volume, take breaks from loud sound, and use safe-listening settings on phones.
- Protect your ears at loud events Earplugs at concerts, clubs, motorsport and with power tools protect hearing without spoiling the sound.
- Treat ear infections properly Long-lasting ear infections and fluid in the middle ear are causes of hearing loss that can be prevented.
- Know your medicines Some medicines can affect hearing or cause tinnitus. Never stop a prescribed medicine yourself: ask the doctor who prescribed it.
Noise at work in the EU: what the law requires
| Average daily exposure | What the employer must do | Your rights |
|---|---|---|
| 80 dB(A): the lower action value | Make hearing protectors available, and give information and training on noise and the correct use of protectors | Preventive hearing tests where the risk assessment shows a risk to health |
| 85 dB(A): the upper action value | Make sure hearing protectors are worn | A hearing check by a doctor or another qualified person |
| 87 dB(A): the limit value | Reduce exposure immediately, find the cause and stop it happening again | Exposure above this level is not allowed |
Looking after your ears: what to do and what to avoid
Ears clean themselves: wax moves out with jaw movement and falls out on its own. Most ear care is about leaving the ear canal alone, keeping it dry, and treating a blocked nose.
- Leave the wax alone Wax protects the ear canal. Without it, ears become dry and itchy, and it only needs treating when it blocks the ear.
- No cotton buds They push wax deeper, scratch the ear canal and are a common way for infections to start.
- Dry your ears after swimming Tilt each ear down, gently pull the earlobe, and dry the outer ear with a towel.
- Use decongestant sprays briefly No more than 5 days at a time, because longer use makes a blocked nose worse.
How should you clean your ears?
Ideally, ear canals never need cleaning. Wipe the outer ear with a cloth or a tissue over your finger, and leave the canal alone. If wax blocks the ear, softening drops are the safe first step, and removal by microsuction or irrigation is done in person. See the earwax build-up page.
How do you pop your ears?
Swallow, yawn or chew gum, which open the Eustachian tube. If that does not work, use the Valsalva manoeuvre: breathe in, then breathe out gently with your mouth closed and your nose pinched, until your ears pop. Sit down first, and never force it. On a plane, keep doing this on the way down, and stay awake for the descent.
Why do my ears keep popping?
Popping and crackling usually mean the Eustachian tube is opening and closing as it tries to let air into the middle ear, often during or after a cold, with hay fever or after a flight. It is common as the tube recovers. If it lasts more than 3 weeks, or your hearing gets worse, see a doctor. More on the Eustachian tube dysfunction page.
Hearing aids and earplugs
Hearing aids and earplugs push wax back into the canal and can trap moisture. Clean them regularly, remove hearing aids at night, and have your ear canals checked for wax every 3 to 6 months if you wear hearing aids.
When should I see a doctor about an ear problem?
Book a consultation if:
- earache has not improved within 2 to 3 days, or you keep getting earache
- you have fluid coming from the ear, a high temperature, or feel generally unwell
- your ear has been blocked for more than a few days despite drops or equalising
- your hearing is changing, especially in one ear
- you have ringing in the ears that is constant, getting worse, or affecting your sleep
- you get attacks of dizziness or spinning
- your ears itch, flake or weep and it is not settling
- you have an ear problem and diabetes or a weakened immune system
When to get in-person care
Call 112 or go to an emergency department now for:
- hearing loss or dizziness with facial drooping, weakness, numbness or tingling in an arm or leg
- slurred speech, double vision or sudden loss of vision with ear symptoms or dizziness
- bleeding or clear fluid from the ear after a head injury
- earache with a stiff neck, a high temperature, confusion, a rash or sensitivity to light
- numbness, weakness or breathing problems after a dive
Get medical advice the same day for:
- sudden hearing loss in one or both ears
- swelling, redness or tenderness behind the ear, or an ear that is starting to stick out
- new weakness of one side of the face, especially with a rash around the ear
- severe ear pain if you have diabetes or a weakened immune system
- a hot, swollen, painful upper ear after a piercing, or redness spreading onto the face
- something stuck in the ear
Mobi Doctor consultations are for adults aged 18 and over. A child who is unwell needs a paediatrician or a local doctor in person, and emergency signs in a child mean 112.
Can an online doctor treat ear problems?
Yes, for many. Ear problems are assessed mainly from the story: how it started, what you notice, and how your hearing and balance have changed, with a look at the outer ear on camera. Of the 18 ear conditions covered on Mobi Doctor, 8 are usually treated online and 1 more is usually managed online, 50% in all; 3 are partly treated online, and 6, including hearing loss, mastoiditis and Ramsay Hunt syndrome, are assessed online and treated in person. The doctor tells you when you need an examination, a test or emergency care.
What the doctor can do online
The doctor listens, looks at any photos you share and decides with you what helps. If a medicine is the right answer, the doctor prescribes it. If you need an examination, a test or urgent care, the doctor tells you where to go.
- Warning signs checked first Sudden hearing loss, stroke signs, spreading infection and swelling behind the ear are checked first, and you are sent to the right care if any is likely.
- The cause, not just the symptom The doctor asks how it started and what came with it, to tell wax, a blocked tube, an infection and inner ear problems apart.
- Drops and medicines chosen safely Before suggesting any drops, the doctor asks about a hole in the eardrum, grommets, pregnancy and your other medicines.
- Tests when you need them The doctor tells you when you need an ear examination, a hearing test or a scan, and how soon.
What still needs in-person care
- an examination of the eardrum with an otoscope or a microscope
- wax removal by microsuction or irrigation, and cleaning of an infected ear canal
- hearing tests, balance tests and scans
- operations, such as eardrum repair, grommets and cholesteatoma surgery
- emergency care for stroke signs, head injuries and spreading infection
Controlled medicines, such as opioid painkillers, benzodiazepines and nerve pain medicines like gabapentin and pregabalin, are never prescribed through online consultations.
What the online-care labels mean
| Label | What it means | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Treated online | Usually assessed and treated by video, with a prescription when one is needed | 8, including ear infections, swimmer’s ear, tinnitus and itchy ears |
| Handled online | Usually managed online with advice, self-care and treatment when it helps | 1: blocked ear |
| Partly online | Symptoms and treatment can be handled by video, but part of the care, such as wax removal or an ear examination, is in person | 3: earwax build-up, labyrinthitis and perforated eardrum |
| Assessed online | Assessed by video, and the doctor tells you where to go; tests and treatment happen in person | 6: hearing loss, Ménière’s disease, pulsatile tinnitus, mastoiditis, cholesteatoma and Ramsay Hunt syndrome |
Not sure what is going on with your ear? A doctor can help you work it out in one consultation.
See available times →Ear health tools
Free tools on Mobi Doctor:
- Symptom NavigatorPick a body area, including ears, nose and throat, or type a symptom to find the right page
- Climate Health IndexDaily heat, UV, pollen and air quality scores for European cities
- Fit-to-fly checkerWhether your airline needs a certificate after surgery or a fracture, or in pregnancy
- Flu trackerHow much flu, COVID-19 and RSV is going around
- Medicine Shortage TrackerLive shortage reports for medicines across Europe, from official registers
All ear problems
Many of these can be assessed and treated online. Each page covers the symptoms, causes and treatment, and the signs that need in-person care.
Ear pain and infections
Blocked ears and pressure
Hearing and ringing
Dizziness and balance
The outer ear, skin and nerves
How Mobi Doctor works
- Book a time that suits you: daily 7am–11pm CET. You can see a doctor over video, usually within 15 minutes. No subscription, and the exact price is shown before you pay.
- Speak to a licensed doctor about your ear: say which ear, when it started and how it has changed, and mention any change in hearing, dizziness, discharge or pain.
- Leave with a plan: what to do, what to take and for how long, and which signs mean you should be seen in person. If the doctor prescribes, use the prescription at a pharmacy near you.
No sign-up needed
Frequently asked questions about ear problems
What are the most common ear problems?
Earache, ear infections, earwax build-up and blocked ears are the most common. Tinnitus is common too, affecting an estimated 10 to 25% of adults, and about 10% of people get an ear canal infection (otitis externa) at some point in their lives.
What are the common symptoms of ear problems?
Earache, a blocked or full feeling, muffled hearing or hearing loss, ringing or buzzing (tinnitus), discharge from the ear, itching, and dizziness or a spinning feeling. Which ones come together, and how they started, point to the cause.
What are the symptoms of an inner ear infection?
An inner ear infection, called labyrinthitis, causes sudden dizziness or spinning, unsteadiness, feeling or being sick, hearing loss and ringing in the ear. It usually follows a cold or flu, and balance usually returns over 2 to 6 weeks.
What is chronic middle ear disease?
A long-lasting problem of the middle ear, such as an ear infection that keeps discharging through a hole in the eardrum, fluid that stays behind the eardrum, or a cholesteatoma. These are causes of hearing loss and need an ear examination by a specialist.
When is an ear problem an emergency?
Call 112 for ear symptoms with facial drooping, weakness, slurred speech or double vision, bleeding or clear fluid from the ear after a head injury, earache with a stiff neck and confusion, or numbness or breathing problems after a dive. Sudden hearing loss needs urgent assessment: get medical advice the same day.
Why does my ear feel blocked?
Usually earwax, a cold or an allergy blocking the Eustachian tube, a flight or a dive, water after swimming, or an ear infection. Hearing that dropped suddenly can also feel like a blocked ear: get medical advice the same day.
How do you pop your ears?
Swallow, yawn or chew gum. If that does not work, breathe out gently with your mouth closed and your nose pinched until your ears pop, sitting down first and never forcing it. On a plane, keep doing this during the descent.
How should I clean my ears?
Ear canals clean themselves, so wipe only the outer ear with a cloth. Do not use cotton buds, which push wax deeper. If wax blocks the ear, use softening drops, and have it removed in person if they do not work.
Why are my ears ringing?
Tinnitus is often linked to some hearing loss, from age or noise, and can also come from earwax, an ear infection or some medicines. Ringing in one ear only or in time with your heartbeat needs a doctor to look into it, and with sudden hearing loss, get medical advice the same day.
Why do my ears keep popping?
Usually because the Eustachian tube is opening and closing as it tries to let air into the middle ear, often during or after a cold, with hay fever or after a flight. See a doctor if it lasts more than 3 weeks or your hearing gets worse.
Can earache come from the teeth, jaw or throat?
Yes. Earache is often an ear infection, but a dental abscess, a sore throat or tonsillitis can cause ear pain too, and pain when swallowing points to the throat. A doctor can tell where the pain is coming from.
Can an online doctor treat ear problems?
Yes, for many. Of the 18 ear conditions covered on Mobi Doctor, 9 are usually treated or managed online. A doctor can assess your symptoms by video, check the warning signs, prescribe treatment when it is needed, and tell you when you need an examination, a test or emergency care.
- Earache, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 27 October 2025.
- Ear infections, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 16 January 2025.
- Hearing loss, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 30 May 2025.
- Sudden deafness, NIDCD, US National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, updated September 2018.
- Deafness and hearing loss: fact sheet, WHO, World Health Organization, 3 March 2026.
- Tinnitus, NIDCD, US National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, updated 1 May 2023.
- Tinnitus, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 12 January 2024.
- Directive 2003/10/EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise), European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 6 February 2003.
- Otitis externa, DermNet, New Zealand Dermatological Society, reviewed February 2024.
- Earwax build-up, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 5 January 2024.
- Earwax (cerumen impaction), ENT Health, American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, reviewed August 2018.
- Earwax, MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine, reviewed 29 April 2026.
- Eustachian tube dysfunction, Patient.info, updated 30 March 2026.
- Ear barotrauma, MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine, reviewed 29 April 2026.
- Decongestants, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 3 November 2022.
- Vertigo, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 2 May 2023.
- Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 6 August 2026.
- Ménière’s disease, NIDCD, US National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, updated 15 August 2024.
- Perforated eardrum, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 19 April 2023.
- Mastoiditis, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 17 August 2026.
- Cholesteatoma, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 20 February 2025.
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome, DermNet, New Zealand Dermatological Society, updated 2026.
- Pulsatile tinnitus, Cleveland Clinic (US), reviewed 9 September 2025.
- Perichondritis, MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine, reviewed 10 November 2024.
- Hay fever, NHS, National Health Service (UK), reviewed 21 March 2024.
- Preventing swimmer’s ear, CDC, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reviewed 28 May 2025.
This page is for information only and is not a substitute for a medical consultation. Guideline links are provided for transparency; treatment decisions are made with your doctor.
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