Understanding the Key Differences Between BV and Yeast Infections
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and yeast infections are common vaginal conditions that can cause abnormal discharge, irritation, and discomfort, but they have different causes, symptoms, and treatments. BV is caused by an imbalance of vaginal bacteria, while a yeast infection results from an overgrowth of Candida fungi. Identifying the correct cause is important because the treatments are different.
Vaginas self-cleaning with natural bacterial balances.
Vaginas can, however, be a source of infection, which is one of the downsides. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and yeast infections are examples of such infections. It can be challenging to distinguish between these two vaginal infections because of their similar symptoms.
A disruption in the normal bacterial flora and yeast is a significant cause of vaginitis. Here, I will explain the symptoms, causes, similarities, differences, and treatments of yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis.
Key Differences Between BV and Yeast Infection
The two most common vaginal infections are bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections. In these types of vaginitis, microorganisms present in the vaginal area overgrow.
In bacterial vaginosis, Gardnerella vaginalis overgrows in the vaginal area, disrupting its pH levels, while in yeast infections, Candida fungi overgrow in the vagina.
Infections caused by bacteria, such as BV, differ significantly from infections caused by fungi, such as yeast infections. Even though both types of infection can cause burning and pain during urination, these aren't urinary tract infections but vaginal infections.
BV vs Yeast Infection: Comparison Chart
| Factor | Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | Yeast Infection |
|---|---|---|
| Cause | Overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis (bacteria) | Overgrowth of Candida fungus |
| Discharge | Thin, white/grey/green, strong fishy odour | Thick, clumpy, white, "cottage cheese-like" |
| Odour | Strong fishy smell (worse after sex) | Usually no odour |
| Itching/Redness | Rare | Common |
| Pain/Burning | Burning with urination is possible | Burning during sex or urination |
| Treatment | Prescription antibiotics | Antifungal creams, oral meds, suppositories |
| Risks if untreated | STIs, pregnancy complications, and preterm birth | Low risk, but discomfort and recurrence |
Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis vs Yeast Infection
The symptoms of these two disorders are similar, but they also have some distinct differences. They can both cause abnormal discharge, odour changes, and irritation.
To distinguish between yeast infection and bacterial vaginosis, consider the appearance and odour of the discharge.
BV
There are a few uncomfortable symptoms associated with bacterial vaginosis. Symptoms of BV include:
- Itching in the vaginal area
- The vaginal discharge is white, grey, or green and has a strong fishy odour (the odour is most potent after sex).
- When urinating, there is a stinging sensation.
Yeast infection
The following symptoms characterise yeast infections:
- During sex, there is pain or discomfort.
- Vaginal discharge with a lumpy, white consistency (like cottage cheese) and minimal or no odour
- The vulva and vagina are itchy or burning.
- Urinating causes a stinging sensation.
- The vaginal area is red or swollen.
- The vaginal opening has a white coating.
How to Tell the Difference Between BV and Yeast Infection
The smell or absence of a scent can help distinguish these two conditions. When there is a BV infection, the discharge has a distinct fishy odour, while in the case of yeast infections, the discharge does not have an odour.
It is also common for BV discharge to be relatively thin, while yeast infection discharge is usually thick, often resembling cottage cheese in consistency.
Duration of BV vs Yeast Infection
A medical provider should always be contacted if you suspect BV, since it is unlikely to disappear without antibiotic treatment.
A mild yeast infection may go away independently after a few days or even with over-the-counter (OTC) medication. Seek medical advice if you have a yeast infection or if it is getting worse.
If BV or a yeast infection is treated with a prescription, symptoms can be cleared within a week (though yeast infections can take longer). While you may feel better sooner, you need to finish the entire course of treatment as directed by your healthcare provider to ensure the infection has been cleared.
Risks and Complications of Untreated BV or Yeast Infection
Bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections can pose health risks when untreated or not treated correctly.
An STI can be contracted if you don't treat bacterial vaginosis. A pregnant woman may also be at risk of bacterial vaginosis. Women who leave their BV untreated will likely suffer from low birth weight and premature birth.
There are times when BV will disappear without any intervention. Untreated, though, it can lead to severe risks, so it's not recommended to wait it out. If the problem does not resolve after taking medication, could you talk to your doctor about treatment?
Infections from sexually transmitted diseases can occur if you are regularly diagnosed with BV.
Unlike bacterial infections, yeast infections typically have a less severe risk and are easier to contract, although they may cause significant discomfort.
Treatment Options for BV and Yeast Infections
Treating BV and yeast infections requires different treatments.
BV
Antibiotics are often prescribed for BV as an oral or vaginal treatment. There are three standard options for treating BV: metronidazole (Flagyl), clindamycin (Cleocin), and tinidazole (Tindamax).
It is necessary to see a medical provider to obtain a prescription for these. If you'd like to be sure the infection goes away, please follow the entire course of treatment.
Yeast Infection
Miconazole (Monistat) is an over-the-counter vaginal cream that can help with mild yeast infections.
A yeast infection treatment may involve oral medication, antifungal creams, ointments, or a vaginal suppository if symptoms persist.
Over-the-counter boric acid suppositories have been shown to eliminate yeast infections and maintain a normal vaginal pH. Eating foods containing probiotics can also help reduce infections.
Both methods should make you feel better within a few days, and your symptoms should usually disappear within a week. Symptoms of vaginal irritation that do not improve after treatment or last longer than two weeks should be discussed with your healthcare provider.
Treatment Options for BV and Yeast Infections
It's easy to confuse BV with STIs, but neither is a sexually transmitted infection or sexually transmitted disease (STD). However, they may be transmitted to a sexual partner via vaginal, oral, or anal contact.
BV
Bacterial vaginosis can only be contracted by people with vaginas, so it can be transmitted between two sexual partners who have vaginas.
According to the CDC, 21.2 million people aged 14-49 in the United States have vaginal BV.
OB-GYNs often see pregnant women because of this vaginal issue, which increases women's risk during pregnancy.
BV does not affect people with penises; they are not required to be treated, but it is unclear whether they can spread the infection.
Yeast Infections
Sexual contact can cause yeast infections in a male partner.
In approximately 15% of cases, someone who has a penis and engages in unprotected sex with someone who has a yeast infection will develop a rash on their penis.
If you experience this, you can seek medical attention immediately.
How to Prevent BV and Yeast Infections
It is impossible to prevent vaginal conditions since they are complicated and caused by multiple factors. A mixture of habits may reduce your chances of developing or recurring infection.
- Keep your hands clean using mild, unscented soaps and avoid harsh chemicals and scents (including scented tampons).
- You should avoid douching or any other form of internal cleansing.
- Please ensure your underwear is breathable and natural (cotton is a great choice).
- Whenever you use a sex toy, make sure to clean it.
Prognosis and Outlook for BV vs Yeast Infections
Most BV cases and yeast infections can be treated quickly and resolve within a few days. Your symptoms might be caused by something else if they don't improve.
There is often an urgent need for medical care for pregnant women with BV.
A BV infection can cause inflammation of the fetal membranes and vaginal mucosa. According to research, preterm birth is associated with this.
When to See a Doctor for BV or Yeast Infections
You should speak with a medical professional if your symptoms of BV or a yeast infection persist for more than a few days or if your quality of life is affected. Recognising the differences between BV and yeast infections is essential so your provider can order tests appropriate for each condition.
How Mobi Doctor Can Help
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Mobi Doctor is a virtual clinic that provides online consultations and 24/7 support for people with health problems. You can talk to our experts about any health problem, whether an infection, an injury, or a mental health issue. We offer tailored advice and support from our team of doctors and experts.
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