Could Statins Reduce Death Risk In Chronic Kidney Disease?

• Statins are an affordable and well-tolerated medication that can lower the risk of death from cardiovascular events by reducing levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, commonly known as 'bad' cholesterol, in the bloodstream.
  
  
• Initially prescribed primarily to individuals who have suffered heart attacks, the guidelines for statin usage are continuously evolving to encompass a broader range of people who might gain from using the medication.
  
  
• A recent study indicated that all individuals aged 40 and above with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could experience benefits from taking statins.
  
  
• Furthermore, a separate trial demonstrated that older adults with chronic kidney disease could also find statins advantageous.

In 2020, more doctors prescribed statins than any other medicine, and they keep updating the guidelines to recommend using them for more people.

Back in the late 1980s, doctors started giving statins mainly to folks who had heart attacks to stop them from having more. Statins are like a tool to lower "bad" cholesterol (LDL). Doing that helps keep your arteries from getting stiff and narrow, which can lead to high blood pressure.

Before statins, the main things doctors told people to do to prevent heart problems were to eat right and exercise. But now, research has shown that statins can often do a better job of lowering LDL cholesterol than just changing your diet and being active.

Statins’ Effect On Cholesterol And Health

Statins are medicines that help lower a type of cholesterol called LDL. This can be important for our health. Two scientists won a Nobel Prize in 1985 for discovering how our bodies control cholesterol.

A study in 2002 found that if people at high risk of heart problems took a statin called simvastatin every day, they lowered their chances of having a heart attack or stroke by 25% over five years.

Since the late 1980s, doctors have started using statins more widely to help people who might have heart issues in the next ten years.

Recently, there was an extensive study called the REPRIEVE trial. It showed that a statin called pitavastatin can reduce the risk of heart problems by 35% in people with HIV. Now, some people are saying that everyone with HIV who is over 40 should think about taking statins to protect their heart.

Can Statins Help In Kidney Disease?

A recent study published in JAMA Network Open has indicated that older individuals, predominantly men, who have chronic kidney disease may see benefits from using statins.

The study collected data from U.S. veterans aged 65 and above, drawing from sources like Veterans Affairs, Medicaid, and Medicare. The focus was on those with moderate chronic kidney disease, specifically stages 3 or 4. The vast majority of the participants were male, with an average age of 76.9 at the time of their chronic kidney disease diagnosis.

Researchers examined data from 17,609 veterans, dividing them into two groups: 14,685 individuals with chronic kidney disease who were not using statins and 2,924 individuals with kidney disease who were offered statins. They monitored all these participants for about 3.6 years.

The results revealed that taking statins reduced the overall mortality rate among veterans with chronic kidney disease by 9%. While there was also a decrease in the number of major adverse cardiovascular events observed among those who took statins, this difference was not statistically significant.

How Might Statins Reduce Death Risk In Kidney Disease?

In a recent study, researchers found something interesting but didn't explain why. They suggested researching with a controlled trial to learn more about the medication's side effects.

A scientist who knows about inflammation suggested a possible reason for the findings. The medicine might work by reducing inflammation in the body. This could be helpful for people with diseases linked to inflammation, like chronic kidney disease.

The scientist also said that while the medicine might help with chronic kidney disease, it might not work as well for heart problems. This could be because the medication can have some harmful side effects, like hurting your muscles or causing diabetes.

The leading researcher in the study also thinks that inflammation might be the key to understanding these findings. People with chronic kidney disease often have more inflammation in their bodies, and they also have a higher chance of heart problems. So, the medicine might be helpful because it can lower inflammation.

Insufficient Evidence On The Safety Of Statins In Older Individuals

Researchers focused on a specific group because there wasn't enough information about how statin medications affect older individuals.

A study in 2022 by the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force found that we don't have enough evidence to say whether statins are good or bad for people over 76.

This is a big deal because we need to understand how statins work in the growing group of older adults, especially those over 75. They're at a higher risk of heart problems, but research in the past didn't include them.

It's not just older folks who were left out of these studies. Women and people with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis were also overlooked. But now, we're starting to see signs that statins might help reduce the risk of heart attacks in these groups, too.

So, the goal is to have more diverse groups of people in future studies to figure out how statins can help or hurt different populations.

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