● Summer 2026 · 20 destinations

The European Travel Health Index

Name: European airline pregnancy & fitness-to-fly rules
Creator: MobiDoctor
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Where in Europe is healthiest for a summer trip — and where do the season’s real risks lie? We scored 20 destinations across eight health metrics, from record heat and the northward march of the tiger mosquito to tap water, doctors and the number you dial in an emergency.

Compiled from ECDC, WHO, Eurostat, PGEU & NHS Fit for Travel Updated 21 September 2026 · vector & heat data re-checked weekly in season

#1 Denmark

Healthiest destination for summer travel

destinations with High or Very High summer heat

2025

one of the worst West Nile virus seasons on record in Europe

destinations with High or Very High mosquito / vector risk

EU-registered doctorsPrescriptions valid EU-wideNo sign-up, GP or insurance neededFor tourists, expats & residentsFull refund if we can't help

The map — Europe at a glance

Each tile is a destination, placed roughly geographically. Recolour it by overall health, heat risk or mosquito risk — and tap any tile to jump to the detail.

The full ranking — all 20 destinations

Higher overall score = healthier and safer for a summer traveller. Scored 0–100. Tap a country for its full guide.

#	Destination	Score	Rating	Summer heat	Mosquito / vector	Tap water
1	🇩🇰 Denmark	84.6	Very healthy	Low	Very Low	Safe to drink
2	🇮🇪 Ireland	84.2	Very healthy	Very Low	Very Low	Generally safe
3	🇧🇪 Belgium	81.1	Very healthy	Low	Low	Safe to drink
4	🇵🇱 Poland	79.9	Healthy	Low	Very Low	Safe to drink
5	🇱🇺 Luxembourg	79.4	Healthy	Low	Low	Safe to drink
6	🇳🇱 Netherlands	79.3	Healthy	Low	Low	Safe to drink
7	🇩🇪 Germany	77.4	Healthy	Low	Moderate	Safe to drink
8	🇦🇹 Austria	74.4	Healthy	Moderate	Moderate	Safe to drink
9	🇨🇿 Czechia	71.6	Healthy	Moderate	Low	Safe to drink
10	🇸🇮 Slovenia	69.4	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Safe to drink
11	🇸🇰 Slovakia	68.3	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Safe to drink
12	🇵🇹 Portugal	68.2	Moderate	High	Moderate	Safe to drink
13	🇫🇷 France	66.0	Moderate	Moderate	Very High	Safe to drink
14	🇭🇺 Hungary	66.0	Moderate	Moderate	High	Safe to drink
15	🇲🇹 Malta	64.0	Moderate	High	Moderate	Generally safe
16	🇬🇷 Greece	63.3	Moderate	Very High	High	Generally safe
17	🇨🇾 Cyprus	60.6	Moderate	Very High	Moderate	Generally safe
18	🇪🇸 Spain	60.1	Moderate	High	High	Generally safe
19	🇮🇹 Italy	59.9	Some risks	High	Very High	Safe to drink
20	🇷🇴 Romania	52.7	Some risks	High	High	Generally safe

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Every destination in detail

Tap any destination for the answers travellers search for — tap water, mosquitoes, heat, food, vaccinations, care and the emergency number.

Risk scale:Very lowLow ModerateHighVery high

1🇩🇰DenmarkNordic & Baltic84.6Very healthy

Summer heat: LowMosquito / vector: Very LowFood & gastro: Very LowTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: GoodPharmacies: LimitedVaccinations: Routine (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Denmark?: Safe to drink Untreated groundwater — excellent quality.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Denmark?: Very Low Absent. Mosquito-borne disease risk is negligible.
How hot does Denmark get in summer?: Low July average high: 22°C in Copenhagen (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Cool maritime; record 35.6 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Denmark?: Very Low Salmonellosis notifications about 11.8 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Denmark?: Routine (+TBE) Routine; TBE for outdoor trips (Bornholm). Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Denmark?: Good 4.53 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 9 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023). Community pharmacies are sparse here by density, but everyday care is strong (dispensing GPs / drugstore model).
What’s the emergency number in Denmark?: 112 Dial 112. 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Denmark travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

2🇮🇪IrelandWestern Europe84.2Very healthy

Summer heat: Very LowMosquito / vector: Very LowFood & gastro: LowTap water: Generally safeDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: LowerVaccinations: Routine onlyEmergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Ireland?: Generally safe Potable, but occasional local boil-water notices (cryptosporidium).
Are mosquitoes a risk in Ireland?: Very Low Absent. Mosquito-borne disease risk is negligible.
How hot does Ireland get in summer?: Very Low July average high: 20°C in Dublin (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Cool & wet; heatwaves very rare, record 33.0 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Ireland?: Low Salmonellosis notifications about 3.5 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Ireland?: Routine only Routine vaccines only. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Ireland?: Moderate 3.99 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 36 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Ireland?: 112 Dial 112 or 999. 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Ireland travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

3🇧🇪BelgiumWestern Europe81.1Very healthy

Summer heat: LowMosquito / vector: LowFood & gastro: LowTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: ModerateVaccinations: Routine (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Belgium?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere (taste/hardness varies).
Are mosquitoes a risk in Belgium?: Low Established (localised; spreading). Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Belgium get in summer?: Low July average high: 23°C in Brussels (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Mild; exceptional 2019 national record 41.8 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Belgium?: Low Salmonellosis notifications about 18.0 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Belgium?: Routine (+TBE) Routine; TBE for outdoor trips (localised). Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Belgium?: Moderate 3.39 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 40 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Belgium?: 112 Dial 112 (police 101). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Belgium travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

4🇵🇱PolandCentral & Eastern79.9Healthy

Summer heat: LowMosquito / vector: Very LowFood & gastro: Low–ModerateTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: LowerVaccinations: Hepatitis A (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Poland?: Safe to drink Meets EU standards; older buildings' pipes → many still drink bottled.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Poland?: Very Low Absent. Mosquito-borne disease risk is negligible.
How hot does Poland get in summer?: Low July average high: 26°C in Warsaw (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Warm continental; record 38.0 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Poland?: Low–Moderate Salmonellosis notifications about 20.4 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Poland?: Hepatitis A (+TBE) Hepatitis A; TBE (widespread) for outdoor trips. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Poland?: Moderate 3.42 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 34 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Poland?: 112 Dial 112 (police 997). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Poland travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

5🇱🇺LuxembourgWestern Europe79.4Healthy

Summer heat: LowMosquito / vector: LowFood & gastro: LowTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: LowerPharmacies: LimitedVaccinations: Routine onlyEmergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Luxembourg?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Luxembourg?: Low Introduced (localised). Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Luxembourg get in summer?: Low July average high: 24°C in Luxembourg City (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Temperate; record 39.0 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Luxembourg?: Low Salmonellosis notifications about 21.0 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Luxembourg?: Routine only Routine vaccines only. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Luxembourg?: Lower 3.0 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 15 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023). Community pharmacies are sparse here by density, but everyday care is strong (dispensing GPs / drugstore model).
What’s the emergency number in Luxembourg?: 112 Dial 112 (police 113). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Luxembourg travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

6🇳🇱NetherlandsWestern Europe79.3Healthy

Summer heat: LowMosquito / vector: LowFood & gastro: LowTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: LimitedVaccinations: Routine (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Netherlands?: Safe to drink Among the world's best; unchlorinated.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Netherlands?: Low Introduced (localised). Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Netherlands get in summer?: Low July average high: 22°C in Amsterdam (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Mild; exceptional 2019 spike to 40.4 °C nationally, record 36.3 °C in city.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Netherlands?: Low Salmonellosis notifications about 7.7 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Netherlands?: Routine (+TBE) Routine; TBE for outdoor trips (localised). Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Netherlands?: Moderate 3.87 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 11 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023). Community pharmacies are sparse here by density, but everyday care is strong (dispensing GPs / drugstore model).
What’s the emergency number in Netherlands?: 112 Dial 112. 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Netherlands travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

7🇩🇪GermanyWestern Europe77.4Healthy

Summer heat: LowMosquito / vector: ModerateFood & gastro: LowTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: GoodPharmacies: LimitedVaccinations: Routine (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Germany?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere (strict standards).
Are mosquitoes a risk in Germany?: Moderate Established (localised SW; spreading). Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Germany get in summer?: Low July average high: 25°C in Berlin (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Temperate; occasional heat spikes, national record 41.2 °C (2019).
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Germany?: Low Salmonellosis notifications about 9.8 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Germany?: Routine (+TBE) Routine; TBE for outdoor trips (S & E states). Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Germany?: Good 4.59 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 21 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023). Community pharmacies are sparse here by density, but everyday care is strong (dispensing GPs / drugstore model).
What’s the emergency number in Germany?: 112 Dial 112 (police 110). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Germany travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

8🇦🇹AustriaWestern Europe74.4Healthy

Summer heat: ModerateMosquito / vector: ModerateFood & gastro: LowTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ExcellentPharmacies: LimitedVaccinations: Routine (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Austria?: Safe to drink Alpine spring quality.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Austria?: Moderate Established (localised east). Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Austria get in summer?: Moderate July average high: 27°C in Vienna (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Warm continental; record ~39 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Austria?: Low Salmonellosis notifications about 11.1 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Austria?: Routine (+TBE) Routine; TBE (widespread) for outdoor trips. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Austria?: Excellent 5.52 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 16 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023). Community pharmacies are sparse here by density, but everyday care is strong (dispensing GPs / drugstore model).
What’s the emergency number in Austria?: 112 Dial 112 (ambulance 144). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Austria travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

9🇨🇿CzechiaCentral & Eastern71.6Healthy

Summer heat: ModerateMosquito / vector: LowFood & gastro: ModerateTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: GoodPharmacies: LimitedVaccinations: Hepatitis A (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Czechia?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere (Prague included).
Are mosquitoes a risk in Czechia?: Low Introduced (localised). Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Czechia get in summer?: Moderate July average high: 27°C in Prague (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Warm continental; national record 40.4 °C (2019).
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Czechia?: Moderate Salmonellosis notifications about 93.7 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Czechia?: Hepatitis A (+TBE) Hepatitis A; TBE (widespread) for outdoor trips. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Czechia?: Good 4.25 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 22 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023). Community pharmacies are sparse here by density, but everyday care is strong (dispensing GPs / drugstore model).
What’s the emergency number in Czechia?: 112 Dial 112 (ambulance 155). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Czechia travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

10🇸🇮SloveniaMediterranean69.4Moderate

Summer heat: ModerateMosquito / vector: ModerateFood & gastro: LowTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: LimitedVaccinations: Hepatitis A (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Slovenia?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere (high quality).
Are mosquitoes a risk in Slovenia?: Moderate Established. Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Slovenia get in summer?: Moderate July average high: 27°C in Ljubljana (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Warm continental; record 37.2 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Slovenia?: Low Salmonellosis notifications about 8.8 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Slovenia?: Hepatitis A (+TBE) Hepatitis A; TBE (widespread) for outdoor trips. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Slovenia?: Moderate 3.37 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 17 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023). Community pharmacies are sparse here by density, but everyday care is strong (dispensing GPs / drugstore model).
What’s the emergency number in Slovenia?: 112 Dial 112 (police 113). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Slovenia travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

11🇸🇰SlovakiaCentral & Eastern68.3Moderate

Summer heat: ModerateMosquito / vector: ModerateFood & gastro: ModerateTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: ModerateVaccinations: Hepatitis A (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Slovakia?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Slovakia?: Moderate Established (newly, since 2024/25). Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Slovakia get in summer?: Moderate July average high: 28°C in Bratislava (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Hot continental; national record 40.3 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Slovakia?: Moderate Salmonellosis notifications about 81.3 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Slovakia?: Hepatitis A (+TBE) Hepatitis A; TBE (widespread) for outdoor trips. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Slovakia?: Moderate 3.76 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 40 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Slovakia?: 112 Dial 112 (ambulance 155). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Slovakia travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

12🇵🇹PortugalMediterranean68.2Moderate

Summer heat: HighMosquito / vector: ModerateFood & gastro: ModerateTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ExcellentPharmacies: LowerVaccinations: Routine onlyEmergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Portugal?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere (earthy taste in Algarve/Madeira during drought).
Are mosquitoes a risk in Portugal?: Moderate Established (mainland; spreading north). Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Portugal get in summer?: High July average high: 28°C in Lisbon (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Hot, dry summers; record 44.0 °C with easterly flow.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Portugal?: Moderate Salmonellosis notifications about 3.5 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Portugal?: Routine only Routine vaccines only. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Portugal?: Excellent 5.71 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 28 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Portugal?: 112 Dial 112. 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Portugal travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

13🇫🇷FranceWestern Europe66.0Moderate

Summer heat: ModerateMosquito / vector: Very HighFood & gastro: LowTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: LowerVaccinations: Routine (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in France?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere (occasional rural chlorine taste).
Are mosquitoes a risk in France?: Very High Established (widespread). Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Locally-acquired dengue/chikungunya has occurred recently. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does France get in summer?: Moderate July average high: 26°C in Paris (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Warm; south far hotter; Paris record 42.6 °C (2019). Record 2025 chikungunya season.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in France?: Low Salmonellosis notifications about 28.7 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for France?: Routine (+TBE) Routine; TBE for forest/outdoor trips (Alsace & east). Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in France?: Moderate 3.94 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 31 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in France?: 112 Dial 112 (SAMU medical 15). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full France travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

14🇭🇺HungaryCentral & Eastern66.0Moderate

Summer heat: ModerateMosquito / vector: HighFood & gastro: Low–ModerateTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: LimitedVaccinations: Routine (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Hungary?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere (Budapest good).
Are mosquitoes a risk in Hungary?: High Established. Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Hungary get in summer?: Moderate July average high: 28°C in Budapest (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Hot continental summers; record 40.7 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Hungary?: Low–Moderate Salmonellosis notifications about 33.9 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Hungary?: Routine (+TBE) Routine; TBE for outdoor trips. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Hungary?: Moderate 3.46 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 23 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023). Community pharmacies are sparse here by density, but everyday care is strong (dispensing GPs / drugstore model).
What’s the emergency number in Hungary?: 112 Dial 112 (ambulance 104). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Hungary travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

15🇲🇹MaltaMediterranean64.0Moderate

Summer heat: HighMosquito / vector: ModerateFood & gastro: ModerateTap water: Generally safeDoctors: GoodPharmacies: ModerateVaccinations: Routine onlyEmergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Malta?: Generally safe Desalinated water meets standards but salty/poor taste — most drink bottled.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Malta?: Moderate Established. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Malta get in summer?: High July average high: 32°C in Valletta (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Hot, humid island summers; record 43.8 °C (2021).
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Malta?: Moderate Salmonellosis notifications about 48.2 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Malta?: Routine only Routine vaccines only. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Malta?: Good 4.51 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 46 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Malta?: 112 Dial 112. 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Malta travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

16🇬🇷GreeceMediterranean63.3Moderate

Summer heat: Very HighMosquito / vector: HighFood & gastro: ModerateTap water: Generally safeDoctors: ExcellentPharmacies: ExcellentVaccinations: Routine onlyEmergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Greece?: Generally safe Athens & mainland fine; many islands (Santorini, Mykonos) desalinated → bottled.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Greece?: High Established (widespread). Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Greece get in summer?: Very High July average high: 32°C in Athens (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Extreme heat; ~47 °C in Attica (2021), regular 40 °C+ heatwaves.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Greece?: Moderate Salmonellosis notifications about 2.7 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Greece?: Routine only Routine vaccines only. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Greece?: Excellent 6.71 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 101 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Greece?: 112 Dial 112 (ambulance 166). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Greece travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

17🇨🇾CyprusMediterranean60.6Moderate

Summer heat: Very HighMosquito / vector: ModerateFood & gastro: ModerateTap water: Generally safeDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: GoodVaccinations: Routine onlyEmergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Cyprus?: Generally safe Urban supply potable; water scarcity & poor taste → many drink bottled.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Cyprus?: Moderate Established (newly, since 2024/25). Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Cyprus get in summer?: Very High July average high: 37°C in Nicosia (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Extreme inland heat; record 46.2 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Cyprus?: Moderate Salmonellosis notifications about 4.6 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Cyprus?: Routine only Routine vaccines only. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Cyprus?: Moderate 3.81 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 65 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Cyprus?: 112 Dial 112 (unified). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Cyprus travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

18🇪🇸SpainMediterranean60.1Moderate

Summer heat: HighMosquito / vector: HighFood & gastro: ModerateTap water: Generally safeDoctors: GoodPharmacies: ModerateVaccinations: Routine onlyEmergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Spain?: Generally safe Potable in cities; bottled common on some coasts, Balearics & Canaries (taste/desalination).
Are mosquitoes a risk in Spain?: High Established (widespread). Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Locally-acquired dengue/chikungunya has occurred recently. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Spain get in summer?: High July average high: 33°C in Madrid (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Very hot inland; Seville/Córdoba routinely 40 °C+, record 46.6 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Spain?: Moderate No single ECDC notification rate (regional surveillance). Take normal care with street food, shellfish and buffets in the heat.
Do I need vaccinations for Spain?: Routine only Routine vaccines only. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Spain?: Good 4.43 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 47 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Spain?: 112 Dial 112 (police 091). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Spain travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

19🇮🇹ItalyMediterranean59.9Some risks

Summer heat: HighMosquito / vector: Very HighFood & gastro: ModerateTap water: Safe to drinkDoctors: ExcellentPharmacies: LowerVaccinations: Routine (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Italy?: Safe to drink Potable everywhere (Rome's fountains included).
Are mosquitoes a risk in Italy?: Very High Established (widespread). Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Locally-acquired dengue/chikungunya has occurred recently. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Italy get in summer?: High July average high: 32°C in Rome (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Hot Mediterranean summers; 42.9 °C in July 2023. Most West Nile cases in Europe (2025).
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Italy?: Moderate Salmonellosis notifications about 6.4 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Italy?: Routine (+TBE) Routine; TBE for forest/outdoor trips (NE regions). Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Italy?: Excellent 5.31 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 33 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Italy?: 112 Dial 112 (unified). 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Italy travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

20🇷🇴RomaniaCentral & Eastern52.7Some risks

Summer heat: HighMosquito / vector: HighFood & gastro: Moderate–HighTap water: Generally safeDoctors: ModeratePharmacies: ModerateVaccinations: Hep A / Hep B (+TBE)Emergency: 112

Can you drink the tap water in Romania?: Generally safe Cities treated & potable; rural wells risky → bottled.
Are mosquitoes a risk in Romania?: High Established. Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported in 2024/2025. Use repellent at dawn and dusk in summer.
How hot does Romania get in summer?: High July average high: 30°C in Bucharest (1991–2020 normals, national met office). Hot lowland summers; record 45.4 °C.
What’s the food and stomach-bug risk in Romania?: Moderate–High Salmonellosis notifications about 2.7 per 100,000 (ECDC 2021). Summer heat raises the risk of spoilage and traveller’s diarrhoea; take usual food-hygiene care.
Do I need vaccinations for Romania?: Hep A / Hep B (+TBE) Hepatitis A (Hep B for some); TBE (NW) for outdoor trips. Plus routine MMR, tetanus-diphtheria-polio and COVID as applicable.
How easy is it to see a doctor or pharmacist in Romania?: Moderate 3.49 doctors per 1,000 people (WHO/Eurostat, 2022–2024) and 41 community pharmacies per 100,000 (PGEU/ABDA, 2023).
What’s the emergency number in Romania?: 112 Dial 112. 112 reaches ambulance, police and fire across the EU/EEA and most neighbouring countries.

Full Romania travel-health guide → See a doctor online before you travel

Story angles — why this makes news every summer

1The healthy north, the risky south. The five healthiest destinations — Denmark, Ireland, Belgium, Poland and Luxembourg — are all in northern Europe: milder summers, low mosquito risk and among the world’s safest tap water.
2West Nile virus is now a mainland-Europe story. Locally-acquired West Nile cases were recorded across southern and central Europe in 2024–2025 — one of the worst seasons on record, with Italy logging hundreds of cases.
3The tiger mosquito keeps moving north. Aedes albopictus is now established across southern and central Europe, with Cyprus and Slovakia newly added since 2024 and France recording a record local chikungunya season in 2025.
4Heat is the headline hazard. The highest summer-heat ratings go to the Mediterranean, with inland Spain, Greece and Cyprus regularly topping 40°C.
5“Can I drink the water?” still depends where. Not everywhere is a simple yes — the Greek and Maltese islands, parts of Cyprus and Spain, and rural Romania all come with caveats.

How we scored it

Each destination earns a 0–100 score on eight metrics (higher = safer), combined with these weights. Full rubric, raw data and sources: download the full dataset (CSV, 184 datapoints) — CC BY 4.0.

Summer heat	20%
Mosquito / vector	18%
Food & gastro safety	15%
Tap-water safety	13%
Doctor availability	12%
Pharmacy availability	10%
Vaccination simplicity	8%
Emergency access	4%

Reading the risks

Heat uses the average July high at the main destination city; hotter regions exist (Seville far exceeds Madrid; Antalya exceeds Istanbul).

Mosquito / vector combines tiger-mosquito establishment with locally-acquired West Nile virus and dengue/chikungunya in 2024–2025 — the metric that changes most, which is why we refresh it weekly.

Tap water reflects the mains supply; on many Mediterranean islands locals still drink bottled for taste even where it is treated.

This index is a general guide, not medical advice. Check NHS Fit for Travel, TravelHealthPro and ECDC for your exact destination and dates before you travel.

Frequently asked questions

Quick answers to the most common European summer travel-health questions.

Which European country is healthiest to travel to in summer 2026?

Denmark tops the European Travel Health Index with 84.6/100, followed by Ireland, Belgium, Poland and Luxembourg. The five healthiest destinations are all in northern Europe.

Where is West Nile virus a risk in Europe?

Locally-acquired West Nile virus cases were reported across southern and central Europe in 2024–2025, including Italy, Greece, Spain, France, Hungary and Romania. 2025 was one of the worst seasons on record.

Which European countries have the tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus)?

The tiger mosquito is established across much of southern and central Europe, including Spain, France, Italy and Greece, with Cyprus and Slovakia added since 2024; France saw a record locally-acquired chikungunya season in 2025.

Which European destinations are hottest in summer?

The highest summer-heat ratings go to Greece and Cyprus. Inland Spain, Athens and Nicosia regularly exceed 40°C in heatwaves.

Can you drink the tap water in Europe?

Tap water is safe across most of Western and Northern Europe. A few destinations carry caveats: the Greek and Maltese islands and parts of Cyprus and Spain rely on bottled water for taste, and rural Romania varies.

What is the emergency number in Europe?

112 is the single emergency number across the entire EU/EEA, and it also works in most neighbouring countries, connecting you to ambulance, police and fire.

Sources

Tiger mosquito & vectors: ECDC — Aedes albopictus distribution (June 2025), West Nile & dengue surveillance 2024–2025 — source
Food & gastro: ECDC Salmonellosis AER 2021; EFSA/ECDC One Health Zoonoses 2023 — source
Doctors: WHO GHO & Eurostat physicians 2022–2024; OECD Health at a Glance: Europe 2024 — source
Pharmacies: PGEU / ABDA European pharmacy density 2023 — source
Vaccinations: NHS Fit for Travel / TravelHealthPro & CDC (incl. TBE) 2025 — source
Emergency numbers: EENA / European Commission — 112 — source
Summer heat: National meteorological offices 1991–2020 normals; WMO 2025 heat reporting — source

Reviewed by Dr. Chrysoula I. Liakou. Reference season 2024/2025; vector and heat data refreshed weekly through the summer season. Last updated 21 September 2026.

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Everything here is CC BY 4.0 — reuse the tables, stats or full dataset in your article, help centre or site without asking. Attribute "MobiDoctor European Travel Health Hub" with a link to this page. Writing a story? The methodology, sources and per-row verification dates are all public; corrections land within two business days via the correction loop, and the JSON feeds stay current if you'd rather pull than paste.

The map — Europe at a glance

The full ranking — all 20 destinations

Travelling this summer? Take a doctor with you.

Every destination in detail

Travel health in Denmark

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