Yeast Infections and Sex Explained: Your Questions Answered
The risk of developing a yeast infection increases with sex, even though these infections are not considered sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is also possible for yeast infections to cause pain or discomfort during sex. Most yeast infections can be treated easily with medication once diagnosed.
This article describes the most common symptoms and causes of yeast infections. It also addresses whether yeast infections can spread between partners and when oral or penetrative sex should resume after an infection. Finally, it explains when to seek medical advice from a provider.
What Is a Vaginal Yeast Infection and How Does It Occur?
Candida albicans, a type of yeast, is commonly found within the vagina. As long as the natural bacteria in the vagina balance this candida fungus, there is no need to worry. Lactobacillus bacteria are responsible for keeping Candida in check, but when they are not available, they cause vaginal yeast overgrowth.
Infections of the vaginal yeast are also known as vulvovaginitis (or vaginal candidiasis). The term vaginal inflammation refers to an inflammation of the vaginal area. You should see your doctor to determine whether you have bacterial vaginosis, a type of vaginitis that shares some common symptoms.
Common Symptoms and Causes of Yeast Infections
It can be mild or extremely uncomfortable to have a vaginal yeast infection. The following symptoms usually accompany yeast infections:
- A feeling of itchiness in the genital area
- An odourless, thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge
- Vaginal and vulval redness or swelling
- Vulva skin cuts or cracks
- Soreness or pain in the vaginal area
- Urination that causes burning sensations
- Intercourse pain
- Rash on the genital area
- Dryness of the vaginal area
A variety of factors can cause vaginal yeast overgrowth. Yeast infections in the vaginal area are caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Antibiotic Medications: Although antibiotics are very beneficial in fighting infection because they kill harmful bacteria that are causing it, unfortunately, they also kill good bacteria that keep candida in check, such as lactobacillus, which prevents candida overgrowth.
- Hormonal Changes: The hormonal changes during pregnancy, the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraceptives (including the birth control pill), or a shift in estrogen levels can lead to the balance of yeast and healthy bacteria in the vagina becoming disrupted.
- Diabetes: It results in increased sugar levels both in the urine and in the vaginal fluid. This can cause the overgrowth of the yeast.
- Weakened Immune System: The growth of vaginal yeast may be affected by chronic conditions (such as HIV) and immunosuppressive medications.
- Hygiene: The ideal environment for yeast is warm and moist. Therefore, yeast can grow when you wear sweaty or wet clothing or swimsuits.
Common Causes of Yeast Infections and Treatment Options overview
This table outlines the most common causes of vaginal yeast infections, their typical symptoms, and recommended treatment options.
| Cause | Typical Symptoms | Recommended Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Antibiotics | Itching, thick discharge | Antifungal cream or oral medication |
| Hormonal changes | Discomfort, dryness | Depends on hormonal balance, antifungals if infection confirmed |
| Diabetes | Recurrent yeast infections | Blood sugar control and antifungal therapy |
| Weakened immune system | Persistent symptoms | Medical management and antifungal treatment |
| Tight clothing or poor hygiene | Moisture, itching | Keep area dry, wear breathable fabrics |
Yeast Infection Treatment and Relief Options
You may be able to treat your yeast infection with over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as miconazole (Monistat) or prescription medications, depending on the severity of your symptoms. Creams, ointments, pills, or vaginal suppositories with antifungal properties are available in one, three, or seven days.
It's best to consult your gynaecologist before trying any treatment for symptoms of yeast infection, especially if this is your first time experiencing them. Yeast infections are often associated with other types of vaginitis, but the treatment varies according to the condition. The medication you use should be proven to eradicate the infection you have.
Does Sex Increase the Risk of Yeast Infections?
Yeast infections are not sexually transmitted infections (STI), and sex does not cause yeast infections directly. A yeast infection may be more likely to develop if you engage in sexual activity, particularly unprotected sex.
This is because some sexual activities will likely introduce new bacteria to the vagina, such as oral sex and penetrations with fingers, penises, or sex toys. An overgrowth of yeast can result from disrupting the natural balance of bacteria.
Can Oral Sex Trigger a Vaginal Yeast Infection?
Despite the lack of extensive research, some studies suggest that receiving oral sex increases the risk of vaginal yeast infection. When bacteria are transferred from a partner's mouth, tongue, or gums during oral sex, they disrupt bacteria in the vagina or vulva, causing yeast infections. A yeast infection may be more likely to develop if you have oral sex with a partner with oral thrush.
Can Men Pass Yeast Infections to Their Partners?
There is a low risk of a yeast infection passing during penile-vaginal contact. People with penises who have unprotected penetrative sex with yeast-infected partners develop itchy rashes on their penis about 15% of the time. Your partner must consult their doctor immediately if this happens to them to determine whether or not they have a penile yeast infection.
You can prevent yeast infections from spreading during sex by using dental dams and condoms.
Is It Safe to Have Sex During a Yeast Infection?
Until the infection has been cleared, it's best to avoid having vaginal or oral sex if you have a yeast infection. The following are a few reasons:
- Pain or Discomfort: You may experience various uncomfortable or painful symptoms from a yeast infection, some of which are aggravated by friction during sex. Urination pain may also occur when having sex with a yeast infection.
- Condom Breakage: Yeast infections can be treated with oils that cause condoms to break. Condoms can increase your risk of pregnancy or STIs if you use them for contraception or STI prevention.
- Yeast Infection Transmission: While rare, a yeast infection can be transmitted from one partner to another. If your partner has a vagina as well, this risk is increased.
How Long Should You Wait to Resume Sex After a Yeast Infection?
To resume vaginal or oral sex, you should wait until your infection has cleared up. Generally, this time frame varies from 1 to 7 days based on the type of treatment your healthcare provider recommends.
Risks of Having Sex While You Have a Yeast Infection
If you have a yeast infection, it is possible to experience some painful or uncomfortable symptoms, such as increased irritation, redness, itchiness, and painful urination due to the yeast infection. You may also pass along your yeast infection to your partner during sex, even though it is extremely rare. In addition, there is a possibility that you may break your condom if you are using a topical medication for your yeast infection and engaging in protected sex at the same time.
Can a Yeast Infection Cause Pain During Sex?
You shouldn't experience pain during sex after treating a yeast infection. Consult your doctor if you do.
How to Prevent Yeast Infections After Sexual Activity
Preventing yeast infections after sex is as easy as:
- Maintaining a clean and dry vaginal area.
- You should only use water to rinse or clean your vagina. Tampons, scented products, and douches should be avoided.
- The underwear should be breathable and made of cotton.
When to See a Doctor About a Yeast Infection
You should speak with your women's health provider whenever you experience a change in your vaginal health since yeast infections may also indicate other infections. Your doctor can diagnose infections caused by yeast. They will then be able to determine the most appropriate treatment option for you based on this correct diagnosis.
How Mobi Doctor Can Help Treat Yeast Infections Online
With Mobi Doctor, you have access to online urgent care regarding your yeast infection.
Mobi Doctor is a virtual clinic that provides online consultations and 24/7 support for people with health problems. You can talk to our experts about any health problem, whether infection, injury or mental health issue. We offer tailored advice and support from our team of doctors and experts.
