Inflammatory Bowel Disease_ New Probiotics From Fungi May Help With Gut Health

Two food-production yeasts, Cyberlindnera jadinii and Kluyveromyces lactis, reduced signs of gut inflammation in a mouse model of colitis, suggesting possible future probiotic roles in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the study did not test people or prove that these fungi treat Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, so human clinical trials are still required.  

Inflammatory Bowel Disease_ New Probiotics From Fungi May Help With Gut Health
Medically reviewed

Dr. Chrysoula I. Liakou MD, PhD Google Scholar LinkedIn

Internal Medicine Specialist
Cancer Immunology Researcher

What the Study Found About Fungal Probiotics, Gut Inflammation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

  • Recent research highlights the positive probiotic impact of two fungal strains on gut health in a mouse model.

  • The role of fungi in the gut microbiome is less explored than that of bacteria, warranting further investigation.

  • Application of these findings in a human clinical context requires additional research.

  • Gut inflammation, often linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can be managed with various approaches, including probiotics and medications. Consulting a healthcare professional is crucial for personalized guidance.

For thousands of years, humans have been using fungi to make drinks like beer and wine, as well as food such as bread and cheese. These products have been made by fermenting fruits and grains, and evidence of such activities has been found as far back as 6000 BCE.


Although there has been some research on the effects of fungi, particularly food-borne yeast, on gut health, much remains to be discovered about their role in the overall gut health of humans.


Scientists have discovered that two particular fungi used to manufacture food could reduce gut inflammation due to their probiotic properties.


The American Society for Microbiology's journal mSystems released the findings of their research today.


Despite the positive results, more research is needed to understand the study's implications fully. Therefore, it is important not to rely solely on the findings of this study as a solution for all gastrointestinal issues.



Fungi Is An Understudied Area.


Researchers recently conducted a study investigating the potential health effects of different yeast strains on mouse models.


They were pleasantly surprised by the results, as two out of five yeast strains showed significant positive effects in treating inflammation in a mouse model with colitis.


This discovery was unexpected, as yeast strains have been commonly used in food production for decades, but their health impacts have yet to be thoroughly studied.


One of the yeast strains, in particular, appeared to affect bacterial microbiota, which could explain its beneficial effects on inflammation.



Understanding The Mechanisms Of Yeast Fungi


The study's lead author expressed that the exact mechanisms responsible for the observed effects of these yeast strains remain unclear and warrant further investigation in future research. Additionally, exploring additional yeast strains could provide a more comprehensive understanding of their potential benefits.


The findings suggest that both strains of fungi hold promise in treating gut inflammation, particularly inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease marked by inflammation.


However, it's important to note that transitioning from laboratory mouse models to potential treatments for human IBD patients requires extensive additional research. The current data is based on in vitro analysis in mice, and further studies are needed before any practical applications can be considered. This avenue of research holds promise but is still in its early stages.



Fungi And Gut Health: What We Know


Experts in the field of gut health have emphasized that the role of fungi in gut health is an ongoing area of research. The diversity of food-borne yeasts and their potential effects on gut health has generated growing interest. Some food-borne yeasts have been studied for their potential as probiotics, but there is still much to learn about their specific impact on the gut microbiome and overall human health.


The recent research findings indicating a positive probiotic effect of fungi on gut health are intriguing. Probiotics are typically beneficial microorganisms, primarily bacteria that can contribute to improved gut health when consumed in sufficient quantities. They are associated with maintaining a balanced gut microbiome and have been linked to enhanced digestion, immune function, and other health benefits. Probiotics are available in various forms, including supplements and fermented foods like yoghurt, offering options for individuals seeking to support their gut health.



The Effects Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease


In the EU, approximately 3 million adults have been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).


IBD involves chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. The colon is usually affected by colitis, while any part of the digestive system can be affected by Crohn's disease. Diagnosis typically involves procedures like endoscopy, imaging, and biopsies. Treatment often includes anti-inflammatory medications, immunosuppressants, and lifestyle changes.


Currently, there is no cure for IBD, and finding one soon is difficult due to gut chemistry's complexity. However, there are ways to manage IBD, including the potential use of probiotics. It's crucial to begin by consulting a healthcare provider. Effectively using probiotics involves choosing specific strains with proven benefits, considering individual needs, and seeking advice from a healthcare professional.


You can consult with Mobi Doctor to get the help you need for managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or any other health concerns mentioned in the previous information. Our healthcare professionals can provide guidance and support tailored to your individual needs.



Fungal Probiotics and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research FAQs

The study found that living C. jadinii and K. lactis reduced disease activity and supported recovery in mice with chemically induced colitis. Researchers tested five food-associated yeast strains, but only these two showed clear protective effects. Dead yeast cells and culture liquid did not produce the same benefit, suggesting that living organisms were required in this experimental model.

The two promising fungi were Cyberlindnera jadinii and Kluyveromyces lactis, yeasts used in food-production processes such as cheese ripening. Their history in food manufacturing does not make them established IBD treatments. The research examined specific laboratory strains and controlled doses, so the findings cannot automatically be applied to foods, supplements or other strains from the same species.

The exact anti-inflammatory mechanism is not yet known. C. jadinii reduced IL-8 production in stimulated intestinal cells and changed the mice’s bacterial and fungal microbiota, increasing some potentially beneficial microorganisms while decreasing possible pathobionts. K. lactis also improved colitis outcomes, although researchers did not identify a clear biological mechanism for its effect.

Fungi are understudied because most gut microbiome research has traditionally concentrated on bacteria. The fungal community, known as the mycobiota, is smaller and has historically been more difficult to measure. However, food-borne yeasts can pass through the digestive tract and interact with bacteria, intestinal cells and immune pathways, making them potentially important targets for further gut-health research.

No, the findings do not show that fungal probiotics treat Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis in people. The experiment used a chemically induced mouse model that reproduces selected features of intestinal inflammation but not the full complexity of human IBD. Human studies must establish safety, dosage, formulation and clinical effectiveness before either strain could be recommended as a treatment.

Fungal probiotics are live yeasts, whereas many familiar probiotics contain bacteria such as Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. Both types can influence the gut environment, but their survival, metabolism and interactions with intestinal microbes and immune cells differ. Probiotic benefits are also strain-specific, meaning evidence for one bacterial or fungal strain cannot be assumed to apply to another.

Eating fermented foods is not proven to reproduce the effects observed in the study. Although the two yeasts are associated with food production, the mice received controlled quantities of specific living strains. Processing, storage, digestion and strain differences affect how many microorganisms remain viable, and the research did not test whether cheese, kefir or other fermented foods reduce inflammation in people with IBD.

Evidence for probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease remains limited and highly dependent on the condition, strain and treatment goal. Research is particularly uncertain for Crohn’s disease, while selected formulations have shown possible benefits in some cases of ulcerative colitis or pouchitis. The American Gastroenterological Association recommends probiotic use for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis only within clinical trials.

People who are severely immunocompromised, critically ill or have a central venous catheter should discuss live probiotics with their specialist before taking them. Rare bloodstream infections have occurred with Saccharomyces boulardii products in higher-risk patients. The fungi examined in this study are different species and have not been clinically tested, making unsupervised use particularly unsuitable for people receiving immune-suppressing IBD treatment.


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