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MEDICALLY REVIEWED
Internal Medicine Specialist
Cancer Immunology Researcher
Cancer Immunology Researcher
Reviewed 30 July 2026 · next review due 30 January 2027 · methodology v2.1 (July 2026)
Thursday, 10 September 2026 · story lines & graphics regenerated daily, table figures live · all statistics free to publish with attribution to Mobi Doctor European Climate Health Index and a link
Today's story lines — copy & paste
1 of 56 major European cities are on a red heat-health alert today (Thursday, 10 September 2026); Valletta tops the Mobi Doctor Climate Health Index at 10.0/10.
11 European cities face a tropical night tonight — Valletta, Palermo stay above 25°C, the level at which overnight heat becomes dangerous for the heart.
In 10 of Europe's major cities, today's temperatures exceed safe carrying conditions for insulin, Ozempic/Wegovy and adrenaline auto-injectors — inside a parked car they are compromised within 30 minutes.
Zagreb is Europe's pollen capital today: ragweed pollen scores 8.5/10 — a severe allergy day despite a daytime high of only 23°C.
Share graphics (SVG, 1200×630)
Full ranking — all 56 cities
| # | City | Score | Band | Heat alert | Feels-like | Night | Pollen | Driver |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Valletta MT | 10.0 | Extreme | RED | 38° | 26° | 0.5 | Driven by feels-like 38° heat and a 26° tropical night. |
| 2 | Palermo IT | 9.0 | Extreme | AMBER | 36° | 25° | 0.2 | Driven by feels-like 36° heat and a 25° tropical night. |
| 3 | Nicosia CY | 8.5 | Extreme | AMBER | 37° | 20° | 0.2 | Driven by feels-like 37° heat and a tropical night. |
| 4 | Zagreb HR | 8.5 | Extreme | — | 25° | 14° | 8.5 | Driven by ragweed pollen at high levels. |
| 5 | Naples IT | 7.5 | Very High | Yellow | 34° | 24° | 4.7 | Driven by feels-like 34° heat, a tropical night and evening mosquito activity. |
| 6 | Seville ES | 6.8 | High | AMBER | 35° | 18° | 0.2 | Driven by feels-like 35° heat. |
| 7 | Athens GR | 6.8 | High | AMBER | 34° | 20° | 1.4 | Driven by feels-like 34° heat and a tropical night. |
| 8 | Dubrovnik HR | 6.8 | High | — | 34° | 23° | 0.7 | Driven by feels-like 34° heat, a tropical night and evening mosquito activity. |
| 9 | Split HR | 6.5 | High | Yellow | 33° | 23° | 0.6 | Driven by feels-like 33° heat and a tropical night. |
| 10 | Bucharest RO | 6.4 | High | Yellow | 31° | 17° | 6.4 | Driven by mugwort pollen running elevated. |
| 11 | Budapest HU | 6.4 | High | — | 23° | 14° | 6.4 | Driven by ragweed pollen running elevated. |
| 12 | Marseille FR | 6.3 | High | — | 20° | 18° | 6.3 | Driven by ragweed pollen running elevated. |
| 13 | Rome IT | 6.2 | High | — | 31° | 22° | 1.1 | Driven by evening mosquito activity. |
| 14 | Thessaloniki GR | 6.1 | High | AMBER | 33° | 21° | 1.5 | Driven by warm 33° conditions. |
| 15 | Malaga ES | 5.8 | High | — | 31° | 21° | 0.0 | Led by mosquito activity at elevated levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 16 | Florence IT | 5.7 | High | — | 27° | 19° | 0.0 | Led by mosquito activity at elevated levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 17 | Venice IT | 5.7 | High | — | 23° | 18° | 0.2 | Led by mosquito activity at elevated levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 18 | Heraklion GR | 5.6 | High | — | 30° | 17° | 1.2 | Led by UV at elevated levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 19 | Faro PT | 5.5 | High | — | 27° | 20° | 0.2 | Led by UV at elevated levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 20 | Lisbon PT | 5.4 | High | Yellow | 29° | 20° | 0.2 | Led by UV at elevated levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 21 | Valencia ES | 5.3 | High | — | 27° | 20° | 0.1 | Led by mosquito activity at elevated levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 22 | Porto PT | 5.1 | High | — | 25° | 15° | 0.1 | Led by UV at elevated levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 23 | Nice FR | 4.9 | Moderate | — | 26° | 18° | 0.2 | Led by mosquito activity at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 24 | Madrid ES | 4.9 | Moderate | Yellow | 25° | 13° | 1.2 | Led by UV at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 25 | Bratislava SK | 4.9 | Moderate | — | 16° | 14° | 4.9 | Led by mugwort pollen at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 26 | Milan IT | 4.8 | Moderate | — | 23° | 17° | 0.7 | Led by mosquito activity at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 27 | Palma de Mallorca ES | 4.7 | Moderate | — | 27° | 19° | 0.2 | Led by mosquito activity at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 28 | Sofia BG | 4.6 | Moderate | Yellow | 31° | 19° | 3.6 | Led by UV at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 29 | Turin IT | 4.6 | Moderate | — | 25° | 18° | 1.8 | Led by mosquito activity at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 30 | Barcelona ES | 4.4 | Moderate | — | 27° | 18° | 2.6 | Led by UV at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 31 | Vienna AT | 4.3 | Moderate | — | 17° | 14° | 4.3 | Led by mugwort pollen at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 32 | Lyon FR | 4.3 | Moderate | — | 20° | 14° | 4.1 | Led by UV at moderate levels — no extreme single hazard today. |
| 33 | Paris FR | 3.7 | Moderate | — | 19° | 15° | 1.6 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 34 | London GB | 3.5 | Moderate | — | 18° | 16° | 0.1 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 35 | Zurich CH | 3.5 | Moderate | — | 18° | 14° | 0.3 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 36 | Luxembourg LU | 3.3 | Moderate | — | 19° | 12° | 1.0 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 37 | Manchester GB | 3.0 | Moderate | — | 16° | 14° | 0.0 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 38 | Brussels BE | 2.8 | Low | — | 20° | 15° | 0.2 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 39 | Prague CZ | 2.8 | Low | — | 18° | 13° | 2.5 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 40 | Copenhagen DK | 2.8 | Low | — | 16° | 13° | 0.3 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 41 | Frankfurt DE | 2.8 | Low | — | 19° | 12° | 0.8 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 42 | Hamburg DE | 2.8 | Low | — | 16° | 10° | 0.2 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 43 | Rotterdam NL | 2.8 | Low | — | 18° | 15° | 0.5 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 44 | Ljubljana SI | 2.8 | Low | — | 21° | 14° | 2.8 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 45 | Munich DE | 2.7 | Low | — | 16° | 12° | 1.1 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 46 | Krakow PL | 2.7 | Low | — | 21° | 12° | 2.1 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 47 | Amsterdam NL | 2.6 | Low | — | 17° | 14° | 0.6 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 48 | Warsaw PL | 2.6 | Low | — | 19° | 12° | 1.3 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 49 | Dublin IE | 2.5 | Low | — | 18° | 13° | 0.0 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 50 | Tallinn EE | 2.5 | Low | — | 20° | 13° | 0.1 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 51 | Helsinki FI | 2.4 | Low | — | 18° | 12° | 0.1 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 52 | Vilnius LT | 2.4 | Low | — | 21° | 12° | 0.1 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 53 | Oslo NO | 2.4 | Low | — | 15° | 10° | 0.4 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 54 | Riga LV | 2.3 | Low | — | 18° | 12° | 0.2 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 55 | Berlin DE | 2.1 | Low | — | 16° | 13° | 0.2 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
| 56 | Stockholm SE | 1.8 | Low | — | 13° | 9° | 0.0 | No dominant environmental hazard today. |
Data downloads
health-index-today.csvAll 56 cities · every pillar, alert & medication tier
health-index-today.jsonSame data, structured JSON
health-index-history.csvRolling 30-day archive · one row per city per day · grows daily
history-30d.jsonSame archive, JSON
How to cite
"According to the Mobi Doctor European Climate Health Index (mobidoctor.eu/health-index), which scores 56 European cities daily across ten health-index hazards…" — data CC-BY 4.0, attribution with link required. Media enquiries: [email protected].
Method in one paragraph
Each city's Climate Health Score (0–10) is the worst of ten hazard pillars — heat, cold, UV, air pollution, pollen, allergy, hydration demand, mosquito activity, fire weather and flu — plus a compound-risk bonus when several are elevated at once. The heat pillar combines feels-like maximums, tropical nights, humidity, UV, ozone, heatwave persistence and the city's share of residents aged 65+. Weather, UV, air-quality and pollen inputs are live (Open-Meteo/CAMS); mosquito, fire-weather and flu indices are modelled and labelled as such. Full methodology on the interactive map.